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A teacher asked students: Draw a square with 3 lines.

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How the kids approached it was fascinating.

Sometimes the most intriguing puzzles are the ones that seem the simplest. For instance, a teacher in India, Raviraj Master, posted a seemingly simple yet seemingly impossible problem for his students: “Draw a square with three lines.”

One by one, they drew three lines, which of course did not add up to a square.

One student cleverly drew three sides of a square with lines and the fourth side with a dotted line. That move demonstrated creative thinking, but it was not the solution.

Finally, a student walked up to the board, drew a square with all four sides, and then drew three lines inside it. That was it. She had drawn a square with three lines. Problem solved.

Thinking critically about wording
The solution is so straightforward that most people miss it. It’s not that it’s hard; it’s that our brains interpret the prompt a certain way and go full speed ahead with that interpretation. It’s an excellent lesson in thinking critically about how something is worded and what is being asked.

For instance, “Draw a square using three lines” would be a totally different ask than “Draw a square with three lines.” Just that one-word difference changes the possible meaning of the prompt.

What if the teacher had asked, “Is there another way these words can be interpreted?” Proactively looking at each word to see if it could have a different meaning makes puzzles like this one a little easier.
However, the lesson extends far beyond silly brain teasers.

Advertisers, politicians, and others who exploit the power of persuasion sometimes use words in ways that confuse or mislead.

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The logical fallacy of equivocation or ambiguity
For instance, let’s look at the logical fallacy of equivocation, also known as the fallacy of ambiguity. Using words that have more than one meaning makes it easy to be vague and leave statements open to interpretation.

In our brain teaser, the word “with” could mean “using,” which is the way most students interpreted it. But “with” can also mean “accompanying,” which is how it’s used in the actual solution.

Politicians use ambiguity a lot.

Philosopher Justin D’Ambrosio called it “manipulative under-specification.” Using terms that are open to multiple interpretations gives politicians plausible deniability if you disagree with them. They can simply say they meant something different. Even important concepts like justice, fairness, and democracy are underspecified terms, making it easy for politicians to use them in slogans or sound bites without detailing what they mean.

Ambiguity can be used to manipulate people via the media as well. Sharon Haigler and C. Anneke Snyder’s “Propaganda Techniques in Media” handout at Texas A&M University lists 12 media propaganda techniques. Check out number 10:
“Obfuscation: Intentionally confusing the issue with vague, non-specific language. By avoiding clarity, propagandists create uncertainty and prevent critical analysis.

Complex legal jargon or ambiguous statements serve this purpose.”
Understanding ambiguity may help us understand each other
It’s wise to think critically when it comes to wording, whether we’re trying to solve a silly logic puzzle or serious social and political problems. Pay attention to words that are vague. Ask what various definitions or interpretations there might be for ambiguous terms.

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On the positive side, staying aware of words with multiple meanings can sometimes help us see where others are coming from. Sometimes disagreements are due to defining a word differently, rather than an actual issue. So many words in our social and political discourse require definitions before we engage. Otherwise, we risk talking past one another rather than meaningfully discussing things with one another.

Amazing what we can learn from a simple brain teaser, isn’t it?

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Opinion

Crisis at the Top: Allegations Threaten to Shake Nigeria’s Power Structure

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In the cutthroat arena of Nigerian politics, where loyalty is currency and betrayal is the ultimate power play, President Bola Tinubu wields his blade with Machiavellian precision, slashing through allies the moment they outlive their usefulness, leaving a trail of discarded pawns in his wake.
“Men are so simple and so much inclined to obey immediate needs that a deceiver will never lack victims for his deceptions,” warned Niccolò Machiavelli in The Prince, and Tinubu embodies this ruthless philosophy, turning faithful servants into sacrificial lambs to safeguard his throne. Now, with Agence France-Presse’s (AFP) explosive February 23, 2026, dagger thrust, exposing National Security Adviser Nuhu Ribadu’s alleged multimillion-dollar ransom helicopter drop to Boko Haram. The question screams: Is Tinubu finally hurling his once-indispensable NSA into the dustbin of political expediency, especially as U.S. pressure mounts and French ties deepen?
The AFP bombshell couldn’t be more damning: Ribadu, handpicked for his unyielding loyalty, allegedly orchestrated a $7 million payout (N40 million per hostage, totaling up to N2 billion or even N10 billion in inflated whispers) to free 230 Papiri schoolkids abducted in November 21, 2025, from St. Mary’s Catholic boarding school in Niger State, nearly 315 snatched, 50 escaping early, the rest “rescued” in staged releases by late December.

Cash choppered to Boko Haram’s Gwoza den for commander Ali Ngulde, who ducked into Cameroon for confirmation; two terrorists freed, including links to Sadiku’s crew behind the 2022 Abuja-Kaduna train massacre. This brazen act shreds the 2022 Terrorism (Prevention) Act’s 15-year prison hammer for ransom dealers, yet Ribadu’s “negotiations” reek of state-sponsored terror funding, all while the DSS parrots “no ransoms paid.”

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But here’s the killer twist: Just days before, on February 16, 2026, Tinubu lavished praise on Ribadu in Adamawa, dubbing him “honest, bold, courageous”, a cynical pat on the back before the plunge? The AFP leak erupted hours ahead of U.S. Treasury’s Jonathan Burke touching down in Abuja to choke terrorist financing, perfect timing to irritate Donald Trump, who’s bombing Nigerian militants and decrying Christian “persecution.”

Why a French agency? Tinubu’s Macron mania, eight trips, 59 days in France by mid-2025, including a November 2024 state visit, screams collusion. Paris, smarting from Sahel ejections, craves Nigerian leverage; Tinubu needs investments. Is this Macron’s subtle shove, or Tinubu’s orchestrated hit to scapegoat Ribadu and appease Washington’s hawks?
Ribadu’s trapped in a no-win nightmare: Heads, he gets axed as the fall guy for a kidnapping plague that’s devoured 4,777 souls in Tinubu’s first year per SBM Intelligence, with N2.2 trillion in ransoms fueling the beast. Tails, he clings on, his loyalty chained by the very crime, ransom payments, that could land him 15 years, obliterating any political future.

“Never depend on the arms of others,” advised Baltasar Gracián in The Art of Worldly Wisdom, but Ribadu, politically irrelevant beyond Tinubu’s shadow, has no army, no base, just blind devotion that’s now his noose. Meanwhile, Tinubu wins every flip: Ditch Ribadu to dodge U.S. ire, or keep him muzzled, knowing exposure means mutual destruction.

This is Tinubu’s signature: Use ’em, abuse ’em, dump ’em. As Robert Greene decrees in The 48 Laws of Power, “Crush your enemy totally”, but for allies? Crush when convenient.

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Exhibit A: Akinwunmi Ambode, Tinubu’s 2015 Lagos governor pick, was ruthlessly dumped in 2019 for Babajide Sanwo-Olu after whispers of disloyalty, his second-term dreams shattered despite stellar performance.

Exhibit B: Rauf Aregbesola, 30 years of slavish service from NADECO trenches to Lagos corridors, betrayed when Tinubu sidelined him post-2023, leaving the ex-Interior Minister politically adrift.

Exhibit C: Betta Edu, the youthful Humanitarian Minister,
El-Rufai’s September 2025 broadside, accusing Ribadu of bandit sponsorship via billions in ransoms, food, and incentives, now rings prophetic, vindicated by AFP leaks amid his own EFCC/ICPC torment: Nosebleed in detention, family access blocked, ₦432 billion probe as payback. If El-Rufai was dead right on ransoms, echoed in Kuriga’s 287 kids (2024), Birnin Yauri’s 25 girls (2025), Sokoto’s 15 children, Kwara church raids, Borno abductions, Edo bridesmaids, Kaduna worshippers, what else? Phone-taps? Critic abductions? Fake rescues masking payoffs?
Tinubu’s game thrives amid economic apocalypse: N10 trillion capital shortfalls, N58 trillion budgets wobbling, borrowings burying generations, yet billions vanish to terrorists and $7,000 bribes to media influencers spinning scandals away. “Always think of your power as a pyramid,” Greene advises. Tinubu sits apex, allies are mere bricks, replaceable. Ribadu’s fate? Sealed. Dumped or damned, he’s toast; Tinubu triumphs, untouchable. No denials hold: The French dagger has struck, and blood flows. Nigerians, wake up, before you’re next!

by Mohammed Bello Doka

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Opinion

MIYETTI ALLAH’S Crocodile Tears And Day of Karma

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Miyetti Allah
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Wednesday 18th February, 2026

Stop pretending and be the browbeater that you are.
The noise coming from Miyetti Allah Cattle Breeders Association over the terrorism designation by the United States of America is not about reputation. It is about consequences. It is about the fear that the free ride may finally be over.

For years, Benue, Plateau, Nasarawa and parts of Southern Kaduna have buried their dead and watched their ancestral lands occupied. Under former Governor Samuel Ortom, Benue became a killing field for fun. Whole communities in Guma, Logo and Agatu were attacked. Families were slaughtered. Farms were destroyed. Hundreds of thousands were pushed into IDP camps. This is not propaganda. These are facts written in blood.

And let us be clear. Miyetti Allah leaders did not pretend to distance themselves from the violence in any way. They justified attacks as retaliation. They concocted stories that accused the victims of their violence of stealing cattle. They defended armed herders as protecting their cattle. When Benue passed its anti open grazing law, though they are not indigenous to Benue state, they threatened to do more damage. Their tone was not peaceful engagement. It was defiance. They said there would be consequences. There were consequences. People died.

So when they now cry that a terrorism label is false and dangerous, Nigerians should ask a simple question. Where was this energy when villages were burning?
The United States does not wake up and label organisations terrorists for fun. Such a move comes with intelligence, documentation and long observation. It carries legal weight. It freezes assets. It blocks funding channels. It restricts movement. It sends a message that the world has drawn a line.
If that line is now being drawn around Miyetti Allah, it did not happen in a vacuum.

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The bigger embarrassment to Nigeria is not the designation. The embarrassment is the pattern of killings without decisive justice. Arrests are rare. Convictions are almost nonexistent. Each massacre is followed by statements, sympathy and silence. Communities feel abandoned. The international community sees a country struggling to control armed networks operating in plain sight.
Sovereignty is not an excuse for inaction. It is a responsibility to protect citizens. When that protection fails repeatedly, external pressure becomes inevitable.

The association claims stigma. But stigma follows conduct. If an organisation’s public posture consistently aligns with narratives that justify violence, if its leaders speak as though armed attacks are understandable reactions, then it cannot turn around and demand global sympathy.
This is not about cattle. It is not about ethnicity. It is about accountability.
Benue has paid too high a price. Plateau has paid too high a price. Nasarawa has paid too high a price. Thousands dead. Communities displaced. Agricultural production disrupted. Fear normalised.
If the designation stands, it will not be an attack on Nigeria. It will be a wake up call. It will signal that the world is tired of watching rural Nigerians die while powerful voices argue semantics.
The real tension is not diplomatic. The real tension is between justice and impunity.

If an organisation’s history, words and environment align with terror, then calling it by its name is not persecution. It is overdue accountability.
Enough of the drama. If the cap fits, wear it.

Celphas Iyorhen
A Concerned Citizen from the Middle belt

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Opinion

How Akpabio’s Leadership Secured Nigeria’s Electoral Future

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Senator-Godswill-Akpabio
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  • By Rt Hon Eseme Eyiboh mnipr

In the evolving story of Nigeria’s democratic consolidation, few issues have provoked as much intensity as electoral reform. The signing into law of the Electoral Act (Repeal and Re-enactment) Bill 2026 by President Bola Ahmed Tinubu marked another chapter in this journey, drawing applause, skepticism, and fierce debate in equal measure.

At the centre of this moment stands Godswill Akpabio, President of the Senate, who has consistently articulated a position that blends institutional caution with reformist intent. His assertion that the National Assembly met “the aspirations of Nigerians, not a few people who make noise” reflects not merely rhetorical flourish, but a deeper philosophy of lawmaking anchored in constitutionalism, legislative procedure, and national peculiarities.

To understand Akpabio’s positioning, one must situate the reform within Nigeria’s broader democratic trajectory. Since the country’s return to civilian rule in 1999, electoral reforms have often oscillated between technological optimism and structural reality. The 2026 re-enactment does not discard innovation; rather, it recalibrates it. In defending the new Act, Akpabio emphasized that the National Assembly undertook a “painstaking” and “thorough” process, mindful of the country’s infrastructural limitations, judicial precedents, and the ultimate objective of preventing disenfranchisement.

A key flashpoint in the debate was the question of electronic transmission of results. For many reform advocates, real-time electronic transmission became symbolic of transparency. Yet Akpabio’s argument was not against technology; it was against rigidity detached from capacity. He consistently maintained that technology must serve democracy, not endanger it. In a country where broadband penetration is uneven, where insecurity disrupts network infrastructure across multiple states, and where power supply remains inconsistent, embedding inflexible “real-time” mandates into statute could, in his view, expose elections to avoidable litigations and invalidation.

This perspective aligns with the constitutional role of the legislature. The Senate does not conduct elections; it makes laws. The responsibility for operational modalities rests with the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), which applies the law within its administrative and technical capacity. By leaving room for INEC to determine timing and modalities of transmission, the Act reflects a respect for institutional boundaries. Akpabio’s defense of this approach underscores his insistence that Parliament legislate for posterity, not for transient political advantage.

At the State House signing ceremony, President Tinubu reinforced this institutional clarity. He observed that Nigeria’s elections remain “essentially manual.” Ballots are cast manually, counted manually, and declared by human beings. While electronic viewing enhances transparency, the core process remains human-centered. Tinubu’s caution about broadband readiness and cyber vulnerabilities echoes Akpabio’s reasoning. Together, their statements project a governance philosophy that privileges clarity and feasibility over performative reform.

Perhaps the most celebrated innovation in the new Act is the formal legal recognition of the Bimodal Voter Accreditation System (BVAS) result viewer, commonly referred to as IReV. This recognition represents a significant milestone. For the first time since independence in 1960, electronic viewing of polling unit results is explicitly grounded in statutory authority. Under the amended framework, results transmitted electronically—even if delayed due to connectivity issues—must ultimately reflect on the IReV portal once network is restored. This creates a verifiable digital trail that citizens, observers, and parties can scrutinize and interrogate.

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Akpabio described this as a landmark safeguard against a historic problem: tampering between polling units and collation centres. By ensuring that Form EC8A—the primary polling unit result form signed by presiding officers and party agents—feeds into a publicly accessible portal, the law strengthens accountability without discarding manual collation procedures validated by courts.

The Supreme Court’s pronouncements in post-2023 election litigation had clarified that IReV, as previously configured, was not the definitive legal record of results. Rather than ignore this judicial interpretation, the legislature responded by integrating electronic viewing into statutory text while preserving the evidentiary primacy of signed result forms. This harmonization of law and jurisprudence illustrates legislative maturity.

Critics, including the opposition parties, alleged that the Act’s signing reflected partisan fear. Civil society voices such as Yiaga Africa described the reform as incremental where transformation was needed. Yet even among critics, a pragmatic thread emerged.

The Civil Society Legislative Advocacy Centre and the Transition Monitoring Group urged acceptance of the law while focusing attention on demanding credible conduct from INEC. This convergence suggests that while disagreements persist about optimal reform design, there is recognition that institutional strengthening is iterative.

Akpabio’s stance during earlier debates further illuminates his approach. On February 8, at a public presentation of Senator Effiong Bob’s book in Abuja, he cautioned against hasty conclusions about an amendment process still underway. His insistence that commentators wait until Votes and Proceedings were finalized before passing judgment reflects a proceduralist ethos.

Legislative drafting is iterative. Clauses are debated, amended, harmonized between chambers, and only then crystallized into final text. By defending this process against what he termed premature media trials, Akpabio positioned himself as a guardian of institutional integrity.

His critique of “retreat politics” is equally telling. Consultative retreats, he argued, are valuable but not binding. Final authority rests on the Senate floor, where clauses are debated and voted upon. This distinction reinforces parliamentary sovereignty within Nigeria’s constitutional framework. It also shows a deeper democratic principle: advocacy informs lawmaking, but elected representatives deliberate and decide.

Another noteworthy provision in the amended Act concerns internal party democracy. By empowering party members to vote directly for candidates during primaries, the law dilutes the dominance of small delegate blocs. In theory, this broadens participation, reduces transactional politics, and enhances legitimacy. Akpabio’s highlighting of this reform signals an understanding that electoral integrity begins within parties, not merely at polling units.

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The Act also addresses scenarios where leading candidates are disqualified by courts. By mandating fresh elections in such circumstances, it prevents outcomes where significantly lower-polling candidates assume office by default. This provision closes a loophole that had generated controversy in past cycles. In doing so, the legislature strengthens the moral authority of electoral outcomes.

The reduction of statutory notice for elections from 360 days to 300 days, may appear technical but carries practical implications. It allows scheduling flexibility, including the possibility of avoiding sensitive religious periods such as Ramadan and Lent. This demonstrates legislative sensitivity to socio-cultural realities—a recurring theme in Akpabio’s rhetoric about Nigeria’s peculiarities.

Opposition criticisms deserve engagement. The PDP characterized the signing as hurried and partisan. Yet the legislative timeline reflects deliberation across chambers, conference committee harmonization, and eventual executive assent. Moreover, the principle of the legislative-executive cooperation is intrinsic to constitutional governance. The swift assent by President Tinubu can be interpreted not as haste but as responsiveness to parliamentary consensus.

Support from figures like Nyesom Wike reinforces the perception that the reform commands cross-sectional backing within the governing architecture. Wike’s description of democracy as a “work-in-progress” aligns with Akpabio’s incrementalist philosophy. Reform, in this view, is evolutionary rather than revolutionary.

Central to Akpabio’s defense is the rejection of absolutism. Mandating real-time electronic transmission in a context of infrastructural fragility could render entire states’ results vulnerable to nullification due to network outages. He invoked comparative examples, including electoral disputes in advanced democracies, to illustrate that even technologically sophisticated systems encounter anomalies. The lesson he draws is humility: laws must anticipate worst-case scenarios.

This caution is not synonymous with conservatism. By embedding IReV recognition in statute, the Act advances transparency beyond previous frameworks. It creates a hybrid model—manual voting and collation complemented by electronic visibility. Such hybridity may represent a uniquely Nigerian pathway, blending global best practices with domestic constraints.

Akpabio’s rhetorical framing—distinguishing “noise” from lawmaking—has attracted attention. While critics may interpret it as dismissive, it also speaks to a tension in contemporary democracies: the amplification of vocal minorities through media ecosystems. Legislative legitimacy, however, derives from electoral mandate and constitutional procedure. By emphasizing the “generality of Nigerians,” Akpabio situates himself within a majoritarian democratic theory tempered by rule of law.

The question of disenfranchisement further illuminates his position. If technological failure in insecure or rural areas invalidated results, marginalized communities could bear disproportionate impact. By allowing delayed electronic uploads once connectivity is restored, the Act seeks to reconcile inclusivity with transparency. This compromise reflects distributive sensitivity.

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In evaluating Akpabio’s stewardship, one must also consider his broader legislative philosophy. He repeatedly asserts that laws must outlast individuals. This intergenerational perspective discourages tailoring statutes to immediate partisan contests. Whether one agrees with every clause, the emphasis on durability highlights a statesmanlike orientation.

The reactions from civil society, though critical, implicitly acknowledge the dynamic nature of reform. Calls to continue advocating improvements indicate that the 2026 Act is part of an ongoing process. Akpabio himself has stated that doors remain open. This openness suggests confidence rather than defensiveness.

Ultimately, the measure of electoral reform lies not only in statutory text but in implementation. INEC’s capacity, political party behavior, judicial adjudication, and citizen vigilance will shape outcomes. Yet legislation provides the framework within which these actors operate. By integrating electronic viewing, clarifying collation hierarchies, strengthening internal party democracy, and closing disqualification loopholes, the National Assembly has recalibrated that framework.

In positioning Akpabio in a favorable light, it is important to avoid hagiography. Democratic leadership entails contestation. However, his consistent themes—respect for process, infrastructural realism, institutional boundaries, and posterity—form a coherent narrative. Rather than capitulate to populist maximalism or resist reform altogether, he charted a middle course.

Nigeria’s democracy, like many across the globe, navigates between aspiration and capacity. Technological for determinism offers seductive simplicity; constitutional prudence demands complexity. In the crucible of electoral reform, Akpabio has presented himself as a custodian of that prudence. Whether history ultimately vindicates every provision of the 2026 Act will depend on future elections. But as of its enactment, the legislative record reflects a deliberate attempt to harmonize innovation with stability.

The broader democratic project requires precisely this balance. Transparency without feasibility breeds litigation. Feasibility without transparency breeds distrust. By embedding electronic visibility within a manual backbone, the Act seeks equilibrium. In championing this architecture, Akpabio aligns himself with a vision of reform that is incremental yet substantive, cautious yet forward-moving.

As Nigeria approaches future electoral cycles, the real test will be whether citizens experience greater confidence, fewer disputes, and clearer outcomes. Should that occur, the painstaking deliberations defended by the Senate President may be remembered not as noise, but as necessary groundwork. In that sense, Akpabio’s insistence that lawmaking differ from clamor may prove less a rebuke than a reminder: democracy flourishes not only through passion, but through patient construction of rules capable of enduring the storms of politics. Nigeria’s Electoral Future shall have Senator Godswill Akpabio positively mentioned in its repository.

Rt Hon Eseme Eyiboh mnipr, Special Adviser on Media/Publicity and official Spokesperson to the President of the Senate

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